常压下,流速与管径有关没?

2024年11月22日 11:31
有5个网友回答
网友(1):

       根据公式D=√{S*v*4/(ν*3.14*3600)}可看出管径越小,流速越快。

       流速,是指流体在单位时间内流过的距离。更多的实验结果表明,在气体和液体中,流速越大的位置,压强越小。压力差是飞机产生升力的原因。气体和液体统称为流体,流体中流速越大的位置,压强越小。

基本含义

       流速是指气体或液体流质点在单位时间内所通过的距离。渠道和河道里的水流各点的流速是不相同的,靠近河(渠)底、河边处的流速较小,河中心近水面处的流速最大,为了计算简便,通常用横断面平均流速来表示该断面水流的速度。流速的正常单位为m/s、m/h。质点流速是描述液体质点在某瞬时的运动方向和运动快慢的矢量。其方向与质点轨迹的切线方向一致。其大小为:流速大小,单位为m/s,Δs为液体质点在Δt时间内流动的距离。水力学中常着眼于空间点来描述液体运动,通过某一空间点处的液体质点的速度即点流速u,一般为空间点位置r及时间t的矢量函数,即u=u(r,t)。紊流中,点流速随时间作不规则的变化,一般取某一段时间内的平均值即时均流速,以及瞬时流速与时均流速之差即脉动流速作为研究对象。

        流速是流体的流动速度。当流速很小时,流体分层流动,互不混合,称为层流,或称为片流;逐渐增加流速,流体的流线开始出现波浪状的摆动,摆动的频率及振幅随流速的增加而增加,此种流况称为过渡流;当流速增加到很大时,流线不再清楚可辨,流场中有许多小漩涡,称为湍流,又称为乱流、扰流或紊流。

        这种变化可以用雷诺数来量化。雷诺数较小时,黏滞力对流场的影响大于惯性力,流场中流速的扰动会因黏滞力而衰减,流体流动稳定,为层流;反之,若雷诺数较大时,惯性力对流场的影响大于黏滞力,流体流动较不稳定,流速的微小变化容易发展、增强,形成紊乱、不规则的湍流流场。

公式测量

      根据不同情况和要求,采用不同的方法和仪器进行量测,常用的方法和仪器如下。

      ①皮托管:1732年由法国工程师H.皮托首创,至今仍是实验室内测量时均点流速的常用仪器。其前端总压孔(M)与侧面静压孔 (N)通过圆头双层套管分别与压差计两端连接(见图),测量总压(p0=P∞+ρu2/2)与静压(p∞)即来流压强)之差。按伯努利方程,点流速为:

点流速式中:ρ为液体密度;c为改正系数,须通过率定求得。

       ②旋桨(杯)式流速仪:有多种形式,可用于现场及实验室,都有一组可旋转的叶片,受水流冲击后的叶片转数与流速有一固定关系,可通过率定求得。采用适当装置将转数化为电讯号予以记录显示。③激光测速仪:最大优点是对所测流场无干扰。④热丝(膜)流速仪:可测瞬时流速、脉动流速及紊流流速的随机变化过程。⑤摄影法:根据曝光时间及亮点迹线长度推算流速。

网友(2):

题目的意思如果是指管道两端压差为常数,问 流速与管径有关没?那可分析如下:
两端压差为常数,也就是两端的水头差 H 为常数
管道两端水头差 H =V^2 L/(C^2 R)=V^2(n^2 V^2 L)/[(R^(1/3)R]
化简得 H=V^2[4^(4/3)n^2 L]/D^(4/3)
从上式得流速V与管径的关系 :
V={D^(4/3)H/[4^(4/3)n^2 L]}^(1/2)
即 V=D^(2/3)*{H/[4^(4/3)n^2 L]}^(1/2)
从上式可以看出,两端压差为常数下,流速 V 与管径 D 的2/3方成正比,管径越大,流速越大。 要注意这个结论有它的前提条件,同时管径越大,流量也越大。 而“管径越小,流速越快”的前提条件是流量不变,也可以说是没有分支的同一管路的不同断面管径与流速的关系。

网友(3):

9.4流体的压强与流速的关系

网友(4):

在同等的流量下。。当然管径越小。。流速。。。好像应该说扬程越高了

网友(5):

有关系,管径越小,流速越快

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