英语中,动词不定式to 的用法是什么?

2025年04月08日 10:03
有2个网友回答
网友(1):

动词不定式肯定是带to的,你只要记住不带to的情况就可以

首先要指出的是,不带to的不定式的使用实际上非常普遍,主要用在情态动词和助动词will,shall,would,should,can,could,may,might,must…以及在作为情态动词的need和dare之后

除此以外,在下列情况下也要使用不带to的动词不定式。

1.在see,feel,hear,watch,observe,listen to,look at等感官动词或短语以及let,have,make等表示祈使意义的动词后面;不定式作宾语补足语不能带to;help后面的不定式可以不带to,也可以保留to;know在一定的条件下,后面的不定式作宾语补足语时可以不带to。例如:

I saw the man come ont of the house.

带to的动词不定式跟在上述动词后面时,情况比较复杂,有以下几个问题须特别注意:

(1)当上述句子变成被动语态时,原来作宾语补足语的不定式则相应地成为主语补足语。这时,不定式就一定要带to,以上述句子为例:

The man was seen to come out of the house.

She was heard to say that she was fed up.

(后面的句子以此类推)其原因是“英语中还有一条规律:凡是被动的动词都不能和不带to的不定式连用。其中只有let除外,原因是作主语补足语的不定式是单音节词。例如:

The students were let go after class.

The grass was let grow.

(2)不定式在help之后,既可以用作宾语补足语,也可直接作宾语,例如:

This book will help(to)improve your English.

help之后不定式带to还是不带to可能有以下几种区别:①不带to结构在非正式文体中更为常见。②用不带to的不定式在美国英语中似乎比在英国英语中更常见。③决定不定式带不带to主要牵涉到主语,如果主语不能参与到不定式的动作中去,则不定式通常都要带to。例如:

This book helps to see the truth.

This book will help you to use English.

(3)have known后面跟的不定式可以不带to,也可以保留to。例如:

I have known her(to)lie.

never knew和have never known的后面通常跟不带to的不定式,但偶尔也可以见到带to的不定式。例如:

I never knew him do anything without a good reason.

I have never known him say this before.

(4)如果在feel,know,observe,see后面跟的不定式是be,则to不可省略。例如:

We all felt that to be the highest praise.
morning.

应该注意到的是feel和see这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词,它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和“知悉”、“了解”。

2.当句子的主语部分是实意动词do时,作主语补足语(表语)的不定式可以省略to,也可以保留to。具体可以分为以下几种情况:

(1)主语由一个以do为谓语动词的定语从句修饰。例如:

All he could do was(to)rush into the room.

The only thing he did was(to)boss us around.

(2)主语是从句,其中有do。例如:

What we all do is(to)talk Class Two into a football match.

Everybody says I'd make a great engineer but what I really want to do is write.

(3)主语是to do作定语修饰的thing。例如:

The thing to do is(to) clear the road.

(4)当主语是不定式而主语补足语(表语)中有do时,必须省略to。例如:

Turn off the gas was all I did.

3.在口语里,用在祈使句中或者不定式go或come后面的不定式有时可以省略to。例如:

Go ask her.

4.介词but和except后面可以跟不定式(前有do后无to)。如果这两个介词前面是do nothing,do anything,do everything,there is nothing to do等,其后的不定式不带to。例如:

I could do nothing but wait.

有时在besides的后面也可以跟不带to的不定式。例如:

That afternoon I had nothing to do besides answer letters.

5.Why在疑问词中是唯一能不用助动词便可引导疑问句的。其结构为why+不带to的不定式或why not+不带to的不定式。两种结构虽然都是疑问句的形式,但却分别表示不同的意思。前者通常用来表明做某事是愚蠢的或无意义的,意为“干嘛要……”。后者实际是用来提出建议或劝告,意为“何不……”或“干嘛不……”。例如:

Why get so disappointed?That will do you barm.

6.rather than位于句首时后接不带to的不定式,而位于句末时,其后的不定式可以不带to,也可以保留to。例如:

Rather than cause trouble,he left.

He walks to his office every day rather than(to)go by bus.

7.had better,had best,would rather,would sooner,would as soon后面跟不带to的不定式。例如:

You'd better get some sleep.

You had best get home before midnight.


8.在let,make,leave,hear等动词和其他动词构成的固定词组中用不带to的不定式。例如:

He let go the boy.他放开了那个男孩。

We mustn't let slip such an opportunity.我们一定不能错过这样一个机会。

网友(2):

1 用在某些不及物动词之后 eg: want to do
2 介词 eg: contribute to doing
3 表目的 eg: we need more hands to finish the task

我建议你去问老师 。你问的问题有点点酷,要给你回答完,我今天晚上就睡不成觉了

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